International Hydrographic Organization

The International Hydrographic Organization was designed to facilitate the creation and implementation of timely hydrographic data by states the world over. Timely, detailed and accurate hydrographic information would support the protection of the marine environment while encouraging maritime safety and efficiency. Established in 1921 and with roots that reach back to the late 19th century, the International Hydrographic Organization typically seeks to ensure the greatest possible uniformity among maritime charts and documents as well as to facilitate international cooperation of national hydrographic efforts. While the organization meets only once every five years, at which time the national hydrographic directors adopt programs to be pursued during the next five years, it could play a role in helping to integrate ice regime systems in the Arctic as well as to speed the charting of Arctic shipping channels. For instance, it would facilitate safe passage if there were one effective ice classification system for the entire Arctic as this would minimize confusion among pilots. In addition, accurate hydrographic charts of the Arctic will be necessary through major shipping routes as well as in areas where, for instance, hydrocarbons are transported from deep-sea drilling operations by tanker. The organization could also play a leading role in the increased adoption of electronic charts, which are more easily updated to account for changing seafloor conditions and newly discovered hazards. All eight Arctic nation states are International Hydrographic Organization members; in addition, membership is widespread amongst countries with heavily trade-dependent economies.